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| # | 英语 | 汉语 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sound systems | 语音系统 | |
| 2 | principle | 规律 | |
| 3 | variation | 变化 | |
| 4 | phonetic transcript | 语音转写 | |
| 5 | phonemic transcript | 音位转写 | |
| 6 | A phone | 音子或音素 | |
| 7 | A phoneme | 音位 | |
| 8 | minimum pairs | 最小对比对 are two words in a language which differ from each other by only one distinctive sound in which also differ in meaning，例如，tie和die | |
| 9 | circumfix | 框缀 | |
| 10 | derivational affix | 派生词缀（nation_national，词义上变了） | |
| 11 | inflectional affix | 屈折词缀（nation_nations，只是语法意义变了） | |
| 12 | allophone | 音位变体（are different realizations of the same phoneme in different phonetic environments） | |
| 13 | allomorph | 语素变体（A different realizations of the same morpheme in different phonological environments→例如，intole rable，impossible irregular ，illegal 中的语素in，im，ir 均表示否定，且变化有规律） | |
| 14 | derivative | 派生 | |
| 15 | compounding | 复合（比如black-mail 是复合词，而像social-ise这种的就不是） | |
| 16 | inflection | 屈折（Refers to the morphological process of forming different grammatical word forms of the same lexeme ） | |
| 17 | coinage | 词语新造 | |
| 18 | blending | 捷搭 | |
| 19 | backformation | 逆构 | |
| 20 | clipping | 截短 |